Guide to Grassroots Financing for California Farmers
This Guide discusses options for obtaining funds for farm enterprises in California through methods other than bank and institutional loans. With growing consumer interest in local sources of food, there are increasing opportunities for farmers to include their customers, friends, family, neighbors, and other community members in the farm enterprise as investors. Receiving investment dollars from community members instead of larger institutions may also be more feasible for many beginning farmers, since banks and other institutions generally only lend to well established businesses with steady revenues.
However, numerous state and federal laws apply to soliciting investments from individuals and organizations, which this Guide will explain in detail. These laws are collectively known as securities law and they are primarily designed to protect investors from entering into fraudulent or overly risky investment deals. Before asking anyone for money, farmers should be aware of the basic of securities law.
Click here to view and download the guide.
Released in September, 2017
Written by Christina Oatfield, Policy Director for the Sustainable Economies Law Center. This guide was supported by the Beginning Farmer and Rancher Grant of the USDA-NIFA program titled, Growing Roots: Deepening Support for Diverse New Farmers and Ranchers in California, Grant # 2015-70017-22868.
The Practical Guide to Starting a Legal Cafe is Now Available
By Sustainable Economies Law Center Staff Attorney, Cameron Rhudy
It’s Here, it’s Here, it’s Finally Here! Our Guide to Starting a Legal Cafe
Over the years we have received many inquiries from attorneys who want to start legal clinics in their community that resemble our Resilient Communities Legal Cafe. In response, we have created our Practical Guide to Starting a Legal Cafe, a comprehensive guide for how to do just that. In the guide you will learn how to get the basics of your Legal Cafe in place and how to create that unique Legal Cafe experience. The guide also includes sample intake documents and a breakdown of tasks for scheduling and planning your Legal Cafe.
Read moreLearning to Think Outside the Boss
Host your own "Learning to Think Outside the Boss" workshop!
Thank you for your interest in hosting"Learning to Think Outside the Boss: An Introductory Workshop on the Legal Nuts and Bolts of Starting a Worker Cooperative!" Below, find resources we've created to teach about how the law works in, against, and for worker cooperatives. This is a shorter, participatory, discussion-orientated version of our half day "Think Outside the Boss" workshop.
View and download the Facilitator Guide here
View and download the Participant Guide here
View and download the Powerpoint Slides here
NOTE: These materials are updated at irregular intervals and might change from time to time. Updates are based on feedback from participants and those who facilitate the "Learning to Think Outside the Boss" workshop. Please send questions, feedback, or comments about this guide to ricardo@theselc.org.
What is it?
This workshop provides an introduction to the practical steps individuals and groups need to take to establish, build, and successfully manage a cooperative enterprise. This introductory workshop attempts to bring forward basic legal and structural questions such as what is a cooperative, what is a legal entity, what rules govern fundraising and financing for cooperatives, and more. This workshop provides an overview of the content contained in Sustainable Economies Law Center's Think Outside the Boss: How to Create a Worker-Owned Business manual.
Why Do it?
This workshop is meant to provide an introduction for those looking to support cooperative development and for entrepreneurs and activists seeking to build a worker cooperative. By the end of the workshop, participants should be able to
- have a basic understanding of the cooperative form from a functional and principled perspective,
- understand the Cooperative Principles in practice,
- distinguish cooperatives from other business forms,
- distinguish between the different kinds of cooperatives,
- understand basic questions that should be asked when founding a worker cooperative,
- and think about cooperatives as they relate to the needs in their lives.
Method
Facilitators should use a combination of lecture (minimal), experiential learning, and popular education techniques to engage the group actively in the process of learning about worker cooperatives and cooperative business development.
Background
Beginning in 2013, SELC and the East Bay Community Law Center have been hosting half day workshops called "Think Outside the Boss" three times per year in the San Francisco Bay Area. These Think Outside the Boss workshops provide community members an introduction into the nuts and bolts of starting and running a cooperatively owned business. We go over legal issues in an accessible way to help you understand the relationships between cooperatives, employment, and community wealth-building. Attorneys, law students, and experienced cooperative professionals give short presentations on legal issues, governance structures, financing, and more. We also typically host breakout sessions on specialized topics with attorneys, cooperative accountants, business planning specialists, and discussions led by cooperative worker-members. To find the next Think Outside the Boss workshop, please visit theselc.org/events.
This facilitator’s guide was originally prepared for the 2014 JACKSON RISING: NEW ECONOMIES CONFERENCE in Jackson, Mississippi. Their clarion call to build a broad based solidarity economy in the southern US led us to deepen our intention of making legal education accessible to those building economic democracy all around the country. With feedback from the worker cooperative community, allies, and others who use our resources, we have attempted to refine this facilitator’s guide in order to increase its usefulness to the movement. We hope this guide can introduce cooperative entrepreneurs, practitioners, and cooperative developers to the basic legal concepts when starting and operating a worker-owned cooperative.
DISCLAIMER
THIS GUIDE WAS PREPARED FOR A 2016 WORKSHOP ON STARTING A WORKER-OWNED BUSINESS. THE CONTENTS OF THIS GUIDE AND ACCOMPANYING THINK OUTSIDE THE BOSS MANUAL SHOULD NOT BE RELIED ON AS LEGAL ADVICE.
ALSO, SOME OF THIS INFORMATION COULD BECOME OUTDATED, AND LAWS VARY FROM PLACE-TO-PLACE. FURTHERMORE, ALTHOUGH WE TRIED TO COLLECT ACCURATE INFORMATION AND GIVE THE LAWS OUR BEST INTERPRETATION, SOME INFORMATION IN THIS GUIDE AND ACCOMPANYING MANUAL COULD EVEN TURN OUT TO BE INCORRECT OR SUBJECT TO OTHER INTERPRETATIONS BY COURTS OR REGULATORS! WE SURE HOPE THAT’S NOT THE CASE, BUT, WHAT CAN WE SAY? LAW IS COMPLICATED STUFF! THAT'S WHY WE STRONGLY RECOMMEND THAT YOU CONSULT WITH AN ATTORNEY BEFORE USING THIS INFORMATION TO FORM OR OPERATE A COOPERATIVE.
Housing Program Projects and Resources
Legal Resource Library
We conduct legal research on land and housing issues and publish easy-to-read legal information on our online legal resource library - CommunityHousingLaw.org. This website is still a work in progress, so stay tuned for more information on starting housing cooperatives, community land trusts, and other forms of shared, cooperative, and equitable housing!
Incubation of East Bay Permanent Real Estate Cooperative:
In partnership with the People of Color Sustainable Housing Network, the Law Center is piloting a new model of collective land ownership that mobilizes community capital to preserve affordable and democratically controlled housing and commercial spaces. Read more about this model on our PREC Pilot Project page, or visit EBPREC’s website.
Supporting Permanently Affordable Housing
In this video, the Northern California Land Trust, Oakland Community Land Trust, and the Law Center cover the legal nuts and bolts of permanently affordable/shared equity housing, including different legal models and funding mechanisms to remove housing from the speculative market.
Aging Cooperatively
Elders deserve to live with housing security in a community of their choosing and retain self-determination for as long as possible. The Sustainable Economies Law Center is increasing its legal support for cooperatively-owned, resident-controlled housing options for seniors. That's why we've brought on a Borchard Fellow for Law & Aging, Julie Gilgoff, to help realize this vision. To find out more, please visit our Aging Cooperatively webpage.
Legal Services at the Resilient Communities Legal Cafe
The Resilient Communities Legal Cafe provides direct legal advice, workshops, teach-ins, discussions, and legal services supporting the creation of:
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Find the dates and locations for each Legal Cafe on our Legal Cafe events calendar.
Teach-ins at the Legal Cafe
Our Teach-ins provide practical, participatory, and action oriented discussions around food, housing, livelihoods, transportation, and more! Many of our most popular teach-ins focus on housing co-ownership, innovative ways of financing land and housing, and more. Check our events calendar for upcoming events and teach-ins!
Past Teach-ins have included:
- The Gritty, Moral Solution to the Housing Crisis with David Giesen
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Legalizing Tiny Homes: The Ten-Year Plan
Legal Guides
Chapter 9 of the Law Center’s book, Practicing Law in the Sharing Economy, focuses on legal tools for the creation of more economically sustainable housing models.
Legal Case Studies
The Law Center is creating detailed legal case studies of communities and housing solutions that emphasize sharing, affordability, and sustainability. This work looks particularly at models of shared housing, including cohousing communities, ecovillages, and housing cooperatives. The legal case studies are designed to allow other groups to replicate existing housing models. Click here for one legal case study by the Sustainable Economies Law Center.
Community Energy Education and Resources
Mapping the Regulatory Terrain
Developing a community energy project turns out to be quite the puzzle because our current legal system favors centralized and for-profit ownership of energy infrastructure by the wealthiest sectors of society. So we are mapping the legal and regulatory landscape to help communities navigate building community projects.
The Sustainable Economies Law Center's expert panelists discuss the legal barriers, policy opportunities, and steps to creating a new energy future. Click here to watch the webinar.
Piecing Together the Community Energy Puzzle
Subin Varghese, Director of Community Renewable Energy, explains how Sustainable Economies Law Center is piecing together the puzzle of community ownership in the energy sector.
Read more here.
City Policies Resources & Education
Policies for Shareable Cities: A Primer for Urban Leaders
Policies for Shareable Cities is the first policy handbook of its kind. It includes 32 recommended policies that enable cities to benefit from the sharing economy in the priority areas of food, jobs, housing, and transportation. Click here to read or download the brief.
UrbanAgLaw.org - The Legal Resource for Urban Farming
The Sustainable Economies Law Center's (SELC) free, comprehensive online legal resource library for urban agriculture. Key topics:
Planning & Zoning Soil
Animals and Livestock Employment Law
Food, Ag, and Health Regulations Water
Liability, Risk, and Insurance For-Profit Urban Ag
Land Access Building Codes
Homeowners Associations Non-Profit Urban Ag
Many thanks to the our volunteer researchers and volunteer research attorneys who contributed to this free online resource for urban farmers. View the eResource at UrbanAgLaw.org.
Tiny House Ecovillage Teach-In Series
Click here to view or download the powerpoint presentation by East Bay Cohousing's Betsy Morris.
Community Renewable Energy Webinar
Community renewable energy is clean, small-scale, and owned or sponsored by communities. That's why it creates democratic, resilient energy grids with distributed economic benefits. SELC’s expert panelists discuss the legal barriers, policy opportunities, and steps to creating a new energy future. Click here to watch the webinar.
Community Currencies Legal Resources
Legal Resource Library: CommunityCurrenciesLaw.org is Sustainable Economies Law Center's legal resource library on barter, time banks, and local currencies. It is a place to collaborate and share legal research and practical information related to these topics.
Legal Guides:
Money Soup: A Legal Guide to Bartering, Giving, and Getting Stuff Without Dollars, by Janelle Orsi
Practicing Law in the Sharing Economy, Chapter 5, New Kinds of Exchange, by Janelle Orsi
Legal Services: Beginning in 2013, SELC will offer limited legal advice and services to time banks, local currencies, and barter groups around the United States. For projects located in the SF Bay Area, visit our Resilient Communities Legal Cafe for in-person legal services!
Workshops: SELC has developed several workshops on the legalities of barter, time banks, and local currencies for legal professionals and community members. These workshops will be offered as webinars in 2014, so check our events page for upcoming learning opportunities. We also host frequent community teach-ins and conversations on various aspects of the local economies movement - visit our Resilient Communities Legal Cafe calendar for more information.
Legal Basics for Time Banks and Barter Exchanges
Legal Basics for Complementary Currencies (part 1)
Legal Basics for Complementary Currencies (part 2)
Governance is Life: Organizational Governance for the Next Economy
Research
The Sustainable Economies Law Center does innovative legal research into emerging legal gray areas and advocates for new laws that create a clear legal space for small-scale, democratic, and sustainable practices.
Six Legal Resource Libraries, So Little Time
Did you know that the Law Center has six free online legal resource libraries? Each eResource library is stocked with legal guidelines, FAQs, and templates to help navigate complex regulatory landscapes for urban farming, cooperatives, small and community-owned enterprise, community currencies, and food and farming enterprises.
Browse the digital stacks of our online Law Libraries
Disclaimer: The contents of these manuals should not be relied on as legal advice. Also, some of this information could become outdated, and laws vary from place-to-place. Furthermore, although we tried to collect accurate information and give laws our best interpretation, some information in these booklets could even turn out to be incorrect or subject to other interpretations by courts or regulators! We sure hope that's not the case, but what can we say? Law is complicated stuff! That's why we strongly recommend that you consult an attorney before using this information to form or operate a cooperative!
Online Legal Guides |
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Grassroots Financing Guide for California Farmers By Christina Oatfield | September 2017 |
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Legal Guide to Cooperative Conversions: A Business Owner's Legal Guide to Cooperative Conversion Including Conversion Models, Case Studies, and Sample Documents By Janelle Orsi, William Lisa, and Sushil Jacob |
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Think Outside The Boss: How to Create a Worker-Owned Business By East Bay Community Law Center, Green Collar Communities Clinic, Sustainable Economies Law Center | Seventh edition. Revised April 2016 |
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Legal Eats: Legal Resources for Food Justice Enterprises By Local Economies and Entrepreneurship Project, East Bay Community Law Center, Green Collar Communities Clinic, Sustainable Economies Law Center | Revised March 2016 |
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El Proceso Legal Para Iniciar Tu Negocio Cooperativa: Una Guia para todos tipos de negocios Creado por: East Bay Community Law Center, Green Collar Communities Clinic, Sustainable Economies Law Center ¿Qué son las cooperativas de trabajadores? Las cooperativas de trabajadores son entidades de negocio que están (1) en posesión de los trabajadores, (2) gobernadas por los trabajadores, y (3) operadas por y para el beneficio de los trabajadores. Puesto que las cooperativas son propiedad y están controladas por y para los empleados que trabajan allá, son operadas diferentemente de las empresas tradicionales en unos aspectos clave. |
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Legal Guide for Board of Directors of Worker Self Directed Nonprofits By Sustainable Economies Law Center |
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Bite-Sized Legal Guides |
Have a legal question but not quite ready to read a full legal guide? These Bite-Sized Legal Guides are a great place to start! To download a Bite-Sized Legal Guide, click on the headings below.
¿Tiene una pregunta legal pero no está listo para leer una guía legal completa? ¡Estas Guías Legales Cortas son lugares excelentes para empezar! Desplácese hasta la parte inferior de la página para obtener recursos en español. Para descargar una Guía Legal Corta, hacer clic en los títulos a continuación.
English Resources:
LEGAL DISCLAIMER: These Bite-Sized Legal Guides have been prepared by Sustainable Economies Law Center staff and volunteers as handouts for the Resilient Communities Legal Cafe. The contents of the Guides should NOT be relied on as legal advice. Furthermore, some of this information could become outdated, laws may vary from place to place, and although we've tried to collect accurate information and give the laws our best interpretation, some information in these Bite-Sized Legal Guides could be incorrect or subject to different interpretations by courts and regulators. We hope that's not the case, but, what can we say? Law is complicated stuff! That's why we STRONGLY recommend that you consult with an attorney before using this information.
Cooperatives
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In this Bite-Sized Legal Guide, we explore the different ways cooperatives have navigated how to make decisions in a democratic workplace. |
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In this Bite-Sized Legal Guide, we explore how to run a cooperative child care arrangement in California.
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In this Bite-Sized Legal Guide, we explore how to run a cooperative child care arrangement in California. |
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The primary benefit of Subchapter T is that it allows cooperatives to avoid the double tax by deducting patronage dividends from its business income. Click on the link above to learn more. |
Entity Formation
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In this Bite-Sized Legal Guide, we lay out the steps to forming a California Cooperative Corporation. |
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This Bite-Sized Legal Guide will help you choose between filing as an LLC or as a Cooperative Corporation. |
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In this Bite-Sized Legal Guide, we explore some steps to establish limited liability entities. |
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In this Bite-Sized Legal Guide, we lay out the steps to forming a 501c3 nonprofit organization. |
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In this Bite-Sized Legal Guide, we explore how worker self-direction can help nonprofits better achieve their missions, as well as the legal considerations for becoming a worker self-directed nonprofit. This bite-sized guide also includes a sample board resolution for worker self-direction. |
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In this Bite-Sized Legal Guide, we explain the purpose of a DBA and link to resources that provide a step-by-step guide of how to file. |
Food and Farming
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In this Bite-Sized Legal Guide, we explore the California homemade food law and provide guidelines for people who are interested in starting a homemade food business. |
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In this Bite-Sized Legal Guide, we explore the certifications and permits you'll need to become a personal chef in California. |
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In this Bite-Sized Legal Guide, we explore methods for increasing access to urban farms. |
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In this Bite-Sized Legal Guide, we explore how to operate a pushcart under Oakland's pilot mobile vending program. |
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In this Bite-Sized Legal Guide, we explore the rules for small-scale egg production and sale in California. |
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In this Bite-Sized Legal Guide, we explore California rules for selling urban grown produce -- including foraged food! |
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In this Bite-Sized Legal Guide, we explore the legal definition and requirements for "organic," who can (and must) be certified organic, how you can become a certified organic producer in California, and how to label organic products. |
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In this Mid-Sized Legal Guide, we explore the definitions, rights, and responsibilities of volunteers, employees, independent contractors, and employers. |
Intellectual Property
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In this Bite-Sized Legal Guide, we explore the basics of trademark law, including trademark registration, eligibility for trademark protection, trademark infringement, and more. |
Capital
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In this Bite-Sized Legal Guide, we explore the common exemptions to federal and state securities law that can be used when raising capital for your enterprise. |
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In this Bite-Sized Legal Guide, we explore how to pull your retirement savings out of Wall Street and invest it in things that enrich your local community. |
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In this Bite-Sized Legal Guide, we explore the pros and cons of finding a fiscal sponsor vs. forming a 501(c)(3). |
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In this Bite-Sized Legal Guide, we explore ways for worker-cooperatives to obtain adequate financing through internal equity, loans, government loans, and outside equity. |
Miscellaneous
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In this Bite-Sized Legal Guide, we explore some things to consider before seeking legal advice. |
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In this Bite-Sized Legal Guide, we provide a step by step guide to obtaining a contractors license. |
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In this Bite-Sized Legal Guide, we provide an analysis of both federal and state employment laws, and how they might impact caregiving registries. |
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In this Bite-Sized Legal Guide, we explain the difference between unpaid interns, partners/owners, independent contractors, and volunteers so that you can better understand what legal obligations may arise. |
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In this Bite-Sized Legal Guide, we list some of the basic things you need to do and know to get set up as an employer: |
En Español:
AVISO LEGAL: Estas Guías Legales Cortas han sido preparadas por personal y voluntarios del Sustainable Economies Law Center como documentos para el Café Legal de Comunidades Resilientes. El contenido de las Guías NO se debe confiar como asesoramiento legal. Además, parte de esta información podría quedar obsoleta, las leyes pueden variar de un lugar a otro, y aunque hemos intentado recopilar información precisa y dar a las leyes nuestra mejor interpretación, parte de la información en estas Guías legales de tamaño reducido podría ser incorrecta o estar sujeta a diferentes interpretaciones de los tribunales y los reguladores. Esperamos que ese no sea el caso, pero, ¿qué podemos decir? ¡La ley es algo complicado! Es por eso que recomendamos encarecidamente que consulte a un abogado antes de utilizar esta información.
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En esta Guía Legal, exploramos la ley de comida casera de California y las reglas de la venta de comida casera. |
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En esta Guía Legal, exploramos las reglas de la producción y la venta de huevos a pequeña escala en California. |
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En esta Guía Legal, exploramos las reglas de California para vender productos cultivados en zonas urbanas, incluida la comida forrajera. |
ENJOY!
